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The Great Black Plague

 
     
 

 

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The Black Plague

Deadly diseases without a cure have plagued society for centuries. One such disease in today’s times is AIDS. However in the Middle Ages it was Plague. The Black Plague had a devastating effect on European civilization, not only in terms of thousands of casualties but also in economic loss. Infected rodents carrying the virus “Pasteurella pestis” caused the Black Plague. This disease is an acute infectious disease that is transmitted when the infected rodent comes in contact with human beings. In the early days the Christians believed the plague was caused by God's anger at sinful man. Although the plague was usually brought on from a rat or flea bite.

The origin of the Black Plague were the fleas in little rodents such as rats, squirrels, and mice on the northern coast of the Black Sea, where the Italians had trading colonies. The Black Plague spread through the importing and exporting of goods from country to country. Nobody ever thought that the fleas on the rodents were the cause of the deadly virus. Often, in the winter time, the plague would rear its ugly head because the little rodents would look for a warm place and inhabit people's houses. Sooner or later that whole family would be infected with the plague and it would spread to whole villages or towns. Millions of deaths occurred due to the Black Plague. Most of the deaths recorded were in Europe. The victims of the plague would suffer a horrible death.

The first symptoms of the bubonic plague often appear within several days: headache and a general feeling of weakness, followed by aches and chills in the upper leg and groin, a white coating on the tongue, rapid pulse, slurred speech, confusion, fatigue, apathy and a staggering gait. A blackish pustule usually will form at the point of the flea bite. By the third day, the lymph nodes begin to swell. The swelling will be tender, perhaps as large as an egg. The heart begins to flutter rapidly as it tries to pump blood through swollen, suffocating tissues. Subcutaneous hemorrhaging occurs, causing purplish blotches on the skin. The victim's nervous system begins to collapse, causing dreadful pain and bizarre neurological disorders, from which the "Dance of Death" rituals that accompanied

Picture depicting the Black Plague
Scene depicting the Black Plague

the plague may have taken their inspiration. By the fourth or fifth day, wild anxiety and terror overtake the sufferer - and then a sense of resignation, as the skin blackens and the rictus of death settles on the body .

The Black Plague destroyed one quarter of the European population and is called one of the most significant diseases in history. Between 1348 and 1351, more than one million men, women, and children died in England. This was over one third of England's population dead due to this deadly virus.

The economic impact of the plague was significant. Agricultural prices dropped steeply, endangering the fortunes and power of the aristocracy, whose wealth and dominance were based on land. At the same time, because of the deaths of so many people, there was a shortage of labor.  Due to this shortage, wages rose dramatically, giving laborers some chance of improving there own condition of employment. Increasing numbers of people had more money to buy what could be called luxury goods, which effected nature of business and trade, and even of private well-being.

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