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To begin
with the cartoon, a cartoon is a full
sized preparatory drawing for a painting and a mural
is a decorative painting applied directly to a wall. An intaglio is a gem with carving sunk into the surface, as in a signet
ring. A diptych is a two paneled
hinged altarpiece, while a triptych
is a three paneled hinged altarpiece.
The
study of an arrangement of inanimate objects such as fruits or flowers, is
referred to as still life. Plastic in a painting conveys a sculptured effect through the model
and lines of the figures. Gouache is
an opaque water color paint in which the paint colors are mixed with a white
base, whereas impasto is a thickly
applied oil paint.
Tempera was a kind of paint widely used until the invention of oil paints in the
fifteenth century. It is a powdered paint mixed or “tempered” with egg yolk
and thinned with water.
Engraving involves drawing by means of lines cut on blocks or plates of metal or
wood. The lines retain the ink, which is spread over the surface before
printing. Paintings are traditionally reproduced in this way. Other forms of
engraving include drypoint, lino-cut, wood cut and etching. Etching
is a form of engraving, in which a resin coated copper plate is drawn on with a
needle and then dipped in acid. When this is done, the acid eats into the metal
through the lines of the resin. Thereafter, the printing process is the same as
in line engraving. Mezzotint is an
engraving process popular during the eighteenth century. Here the plate is first
scored with a network of dots that are later smoothened out to give a variety of
tonal effects.
Aquatint is a form of etching in which varying degrees of tones are produced by
dipping the plate repeatedly in acid, covering different parts of the plate with
varnish before dipping. A chiaroscuro
refers to strong contrasts of light and shade in a painting.
Picture
reproduced from a design marked out with an oily crayon on a flat stone is
called a lithograph. When the design
is printed, the stone is dampened. The greasy lines absorb ink and wet areas
repel it.
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